Superintendent’s Chat

Richard McClements

 

Power of Vocabulary

One of the most powerful predictors of a person’s income is the extent of his or her vocabulary.  Numerous research findings support that statement. Consider the following study: 

As one class graduated from a large university, a group of researchers gave them an English vocabulary test and then tracked those people for twenty years. Strange as it may seem, those who knew the definitions of the most words were in the highest income group twenty years later. The researchers discovered that the people who, in the

beginning, had the worst vocabulary scores were in the lowest income group twenty years later. There wasn’t a single exception.

 

In another study, the executive and supervisory personnel of thirty-nine

manufacturing plants were given extensive testing. All of them, from the

lowest level of supervisor to the top of the executive elite rated higher than

average on leadership qualities. Between all the leaders, there was a close similarity in leadership ability. But there were striking differences on the  vocabulary test. Basically, the higher the person’s score on the vocabulary test,

the higher their position in that company. The presidents and vice presidents of the companies had an average score of 236.The average score for supervisors was 140. Foremen averaged 114.www.youmeworks.com/vocabularyraises.html p. 1

 

Dr. Heidi Jacobs is one of America’s most highly respected authorities on curriculum mapping and literacy.  At a national conference in Park City, Utah last year, I heard her say that up to 82% incorrect answers on tests for high school students may be attributed to the students not knowing the meaning of one of more words in the question.  That is astonishing.  The answer as to why may be provided in the following explanation:

 

When you were young, you didn’t know the definitions of very  many words, so you didn’t understand much of what people around you

were saying. As you learned more words, your understanding grew. Knowing the definition of even one more word makes a difference because if there is only one word you don’t know, you’ll often miss more of what’s being said than that one word. The word is part of a sentence that you won’t completely understand. The sentence is part of a paragraph. One unknown word can create a small gap in your understanding of the entire subject. www.youmeworks.com/vocabularyraises.html p. 1

 

Increasing the vocabulary of our students has been one of my educational priorities and a need that I have repeatedly communicated to our principals and school board.  One builds vocabulary by reading and listening.  I wrote a paper on increasing our high school rigor last fall.  In that paper, I listed the 75 vocabulary words that one district in New York State requires its seniors to master and asked that our high school administer that same survey to open some eyes.  The first 15  words included the following:

 

Analysis of How Shonto Seniors Measure Up on a Vocabulary List Given to Incoming Seniors at the St. Joseph by the Sea School

St. Joseph by the Sea List of Vocabulary Words for Seniors

# of Shonto Seniors Who Can Correctly Pronounce the Word

# of Shonto Seniors Who Can Correctly Identify the Part of Speech of the Word

# of Shonto Seniors Who Can Provide  an Accurate Definition of the Word

1. acclimate - verb - adapt; accustom; to get used to

 

 

 

2. affectation - noun - unnatural manner; odd behavior; quirk

 

 

 

3. alacrity - noun - promptness; readiness; timeliness

 

 

 

4. ambience - noun - atmosphere; environment; surroundings

 

 

 

5. appalled - adjective - shocked; dismayed; horrified

 

 

 

6. ascertain - verb - determine; find out for certain; discover

 

 

 

7. blight - noun - something that causes destruction; ruin; deterioration

 

 

 

8. brigand - noun - bandit; plunderer; thief

 

 

 

9. bulwark - noun - rampart; breakwater; seawall

 

 

 

10. burgeoned - verb - expanded; blossomed; flourished

 

 

 

11. cadaverous - adjective - pallid; livid; gaunt; emaciated

 

 

 

12. callow - adjective - youthful; naïve; immature

 

 

 

13. carnage - noun - destruction; flesh of slain animals

 

 

 

14. commiserate - verb - console; sympathize; feel compassion for

 

 

 

15. dearth - noun- scarcity; famine; inadequate supply

 

 

 

 

Those words are most challenging, but it does suggest that that school district has high expectations for its kids.  We do no favor to our kids by expecting less.  Last year, I taught a group of 8 high performing middle school students in a corrective reading program for 45 minutes a day.  These were really bright students.  They learned everything quickly.  I felt that all were capable of excellence and could compete with any kids anywhere in the world if they put in the effort.  But I was surprised by their overall weakness in vocabulary.  I made teaching words my priority.  They learned hundreds and hundreds of new words. 

 

Our playing field is not level, but we can level it.  We must.

 

Each year, one third of America’s children arrive at their first day of school

developmentally behind their peers and without the skills necessary to succeed at

grade level. When children begin behind their peers, catching up, especially

without additional assistance, is difficult and unlikely.  Children from low-income communities

receive as few as 25 hours of one-to-one reading time by age 5, compared to middle-income

children who enjoy up to 1,700 hours of one-to-one reading time before kindergarten.

These children typically enter kindergarten with one fourth the vocabulary of their middle-income

peers. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/opre/ehs/ehs_resrch/reports/lang_literacy/lang_research.html p. 1.

 

We intend to do something about that.  Our reading consultant, Jan Hume, has been working with our K-8 staff.  She has already identified teaching vocabulary as a staff development priority for next year, and we are building that training into the budget.  I have asked Dr. Spain, K-8 Principal, to implement the 1000 book program for parents of kindergarteners next year as well.  The district will purchase 100 book bags.  Inside each book bag will be 10 award winning books that are written for kindergarteners and 1st graders.  Parents will be able to check out a book bag and read the ten books inside to their children.  When they finish all ten, they bring back the book bag and check out another one, etc.  Our goal will be for each parent to read all 1,000 books.  Those who reach that target will be given a gift certificate.  If they do, it will make a huge difference in the vocabularies and literacy readiness of their children. 

 

I read some interesting research while preparing this article.  It said that the mother’s use of language is critical to vocabulary development.  Even more important than saying a lot of words to your child is using “lots of variety” in your words.  Rather than always using the word, “purple,” the next time try to use the word “violet.”  Rather than saying, “hungry,” the next time use, “famished”  or “starved.” Word variety really helps to increase vocabulary.  They listen to you, and they learn. http://www.uknow.gse.harvard.edu/learning/LD5-1.html p. 1.  Finally, start reading to your child as soon as he or she is 16 months old.  The research proves it makes a difference.

Students, get into the habit of constantly learning new words and then using them in your speaking and writing.  A goal of three new words per day would work wonders in your academic success.